evolution
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paragraphs
characters layout paragraphs

One element of page layout is text alignment. When a paragraph is centered or set with a right or left alignment, the rough edges that are created when the lines of type break is called the "rag." By optimizing the rag, designers can create more legible and aesthetically pleasing blocks of text. Centered or "justified" text must also be adjusted to eliminate awkward word spacing and visual "rivers" of white space.

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