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| From the middle of the fifteenth century to the middle of the twentieth, most printing used a technique where each
letter is carved in wood and then cast in lead. These letters were placed in a printing press, where they were inked and printed onto paper.
Typesetting became automated in the late 1800s as a result of the invention of the Linotype and Monotype machines. Operators of these machines used a keyboard to set type, which was then cast in hot metal for use in a printing press. Phototypesetting, introduced in the 1950s, did away with metal type completely. Photoype systems produce film negatives or digitized images, which are then printed using offset lithography. Modern digital typesetting systems encode typographic characters, defining each letter by the position of points on a grid. Output devices, such as laser printers, transfer this data directly onto paper. The quality of the output depends on the number of dots per inch (DPI), the output device is capable of producing. |
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